Photonica
Tool · Datacenter optics

PAM4 Eye & TDECQ Explorer

Every 200G lane carries PAM4, and the conformance number for its transmitter is TDECQ. This page synthesizes a PAM4 waveform with adjustable impairments, passes it through the standard's Bessel-Thomson reference receiver and 5-tap equalizer, and computes TDECQ by the same histogram-and-noise procedure a sampling oscilloscope uses. The eye, the equalized histograms, and the tap weights are all live, so each impairment can be traced from cause to penalty. Four guided experiments ask for a prediction before they show the result.

Transmitter
The waveform is normalized: OMAouter = 1, baud = 1. At 106.25 GBd these shapes correspond to a 200G-per-lane transmitter.
Gaussian response, 3 dB point. 0.35 to 1.2 times the symbol rate.
Sets the power floor under the eye. OMA stays fixed at 1.
White Gaussian, added at the receiver input. RIN, amplifier noise, and scope noise all enter this way.
Gaussian timing error on every symbol transition.
Pushes the middle levels upward, the way a compressed modulator transfer function does. RLM falls as this rises.
Readouts

The 3.4 dB tag is a representative ceiling: IEEE clauses in the 200G-per-lane generation set TDECQ limits near this value, with the exact number depending on the PMD. Consult the clause for compliance.

Learn with it

Four short experiments. Each sets the controls, asks for a prediction, then shows the result.

The eye · after the reference receiver

Two unit intervals of the waveform after the Bessel-Thomson reference filter, all 2048 symbols overlaid. Dashed horizontals are the measured level means; the amber verticals mark the two histogram phases, 0.047 UI either side of the chosen sampling instant.

Equalized histograms · where TDECQ is decided

Amplitude histograms of the equalizer output at the two phases. TDECQ asks: how much Gaussian noise can be poured onto these histograms before the symbol error ratio crosses 4.8 × 10⁻⁴? Dashed lines are the decision thresholds.

Reference equalizer · the five taps

Checked against

These rows run in your browser on every load. The filter and constants are checked in closed form; the TDECQ values are checked against an independent reference implementation of the same procedure, run offline, to a tolerance of 0.01 dB.

CheckExpectedComputed
running validation…